a. 「マニラの劫略」(タブB-2)が約1000部、CIEによって日本の新聞社に配布された。新聞各社は、この文書をどの個所、どの時点においても、日本の残虐行為の事実に即した発表を行うために利用することを強く求められた。
b. 「マニラの破壊と日本の残虐行為に関する報告」(米国駐在フィリピン駐在員事務所発行)からの適切な抜粋と写真が、日本の新聞社に、自由に使ってよいとの強い勧告とともに提供された。(タブB-3)
c. 上述の二つの出版物からの情報は、強姦、民間人の大量殺人、捕虜の拷問、斬首他の残虐行為の証拠を示す、捕獲された日本軍の書類の写真によって補強された。連合軍翻訳通訳局によってCIEに提供された日本側の書類に引用された残虐行為に関する十件あまりの詳細な報告が、1945年11月から12月にかけて日本の新聞に発表された。
a. 「誰が戦争に導いたか」理研製作、1946年5月16日公開、推定観客数100万人。この2巻組の短編ドキュメンタリーは、日本国民を戦争に導いた陰謀と数々の挿話を年代順に語っている。
b. 「東京裁判その1」日本映画社製作、1946年5月16日公開、推定観客数180万人。この1巻の短編ドキュメンタリーは、のちに東京裁判に現れる悪名高い人々を取り上げている。
2. 以下の長編映画は、CIEの助言と指導のもとに製作された。
a. 「犯罪者は誰か」大映製作、1945年12月27日公開、推定観客数300万人。あらすじ:勇敢な政治家が戦争に反対し、軍国主義者の抑圧にもかかわらず、自分の意見を変えることを勇敢に拒否する。
b. 「喜劇は終りぬ」松竹製作、1946年1月10日公開、推定観客数350万人。あらすじ:戦時下の日本の官僚主義と軍国主義者の専制政治に向けられた風刺。
c. 「人生のアルバム」(仮、邦題不詳)松竹製作、1946年1月18日公開、推定観客数300万人。あらすじ:日和見主義的な戦時中の悪漢と彼の戦後の活動を、真剣に日本を再建しようとする彼の雇われ人と対比して風刺している。
d. 「大曾根家の朝」松竹製作、1946年2月21日公開、推定観客数400万人。あらすじ:平和を愛する家族が軍国主義の台頭によって自由を失うが、降伏に向かう中で専制政治から解放されるドラマ。この映画は1946年に「日本映画コンクール」の三等賞に選ばれた。
e. 「民衆の敵」東宝製作、1946年4月24日公開、推定観客数200万人。あらすじ:戦争に反対する日本人のドラマ。軍国主義者と財閥の邪悪さを描く。
CONFIDENTIAL
IMPLEMENTATION OF FIRST WAR GUILT INFORMATION PROGRAM
OCTOBER, 1945 - JUNE, 1946
NEWSPAPERS
1. A running story, entitled Historical Articles on the War in the Pacific (approximately 15,000 words) presenting the true history of the War, was prepared by CIE, approved by the historian, G-3, and received almost complete coverage in the Japanese daily press from 8 December 1945 until the series ended. This history emphasised guilt for inception of the war, revelations of historical truth theretofore kept from Japanese people, and facts about Japanese atrocities, particularly in Nanking and Manila. (Tab D-1).
2. Before the actual released of the above history, an information program emphasising war atrocities was carried out in conjunction with the Yamashita trial in Manila, the issuance of lists of Japanese war criminals to be apprehended and tried at Yokohama, and, after 8 December 1945 in conjunction with the Historical Articles series itself. The atrocity and war guilt information program was divided into the following activities:
a. about 1,000 copies of the Sack of Manila (Tab B-2) were distributed to the Japanese press by CIE. The press was strongly urged to utilize this document in any part and at any time to give factual presentation of Japanese atrocities.
b. Appropriate excerpts and photographs from the Report on the Destruction of Manila and Japanese Atrocities (issued by the Office of the Resident Commission of the Philippines to the United States) were furnished to the Japanese press with strong recommendations for liberal use. (Tab B-3).
c. Information from the two publications mentioned above was supplemented by photos of captured Japanese documents giving evidence of rape, mass killings of civilians, torture of prisoners of war, beheadings and other atrocities. A dozen detailed stories of atrocities as quoted in Japanese documents were furnished to CIE by ATIS and released to the Japanese press, in November-December 1945.
3. Subsequent to December 1945, press releases in conjunction with the radio series, "Now It Can Be Told" (Tabs K and H) were furnished to all newspapers, and on 9 February 1946, details of arrests of war criminals and the crimes with which they were charged were distributed to all newspapers by Kyodo News Agency.
4. Representative editorials of leading newspapers on the trial subject of war guilt are carried under Tab B-4.
BOOKS
1. The Historical Articles on the War in the Pacific were translated into Japanese and published in book form (172 pages) by Takayama Shoin, a commercial publishing house. Two editions (March, 1946 and June, 1946) totaling 10,000 copies were printed and sold. (Tab C-1).
2. The following books, based on the "Truth Box" radio program, were published and circulated in the numbers indicated below:
a. The Truth Box, the actual state of the Pacific war, covering politics, diplomacy, land, sea and air battles, published by the Cosmo Publishing Company, Tokyo. 20,000 copies sold in 1946. (Tab C-2).
b. These Are Facts, published by Rengo Press, Tokyo: 20,000 copies sold in 1946. (Tab C-3).
MAGAZINES
1. "Notes and Documents pertaining to the Surrender," statement of Japan's position under the surrender terms, was released to all magazines in February, 1946. Comprehensive files of the publications are not available, but there is evidence that the material was not widely used.
2. Selected individual shows, as aired over the nationwide radio program, "Truth Box", were carried in the Japanese magazine Nippon Rekishi in June, July and August 1946. The June and July numbers carried the story of the Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway and the Aleutians; the August issue carried the story of the rape of Nanking. Circulation of the magazine at the time was 5,500 copies monthly.
RADIO
1. "Now It Can Be Told," a dramatization of the Historical Articles was broadcast in a series of ten weekly programs, from 9 December 1945 to 10 February 1946.
2. Concurrently, CIE initiated a nationwide radio program, known as the "Now It Can Be Told 'Question Box'", to allow for audience participation in asking questions prompted by the original program. When the original program ended, the "Question Box" became the "Truth Box". This new program ran for 41 consecutive weeks, ending 4 December 1946. It had a listener reaction which averaged 900 to 1200 letters weekly, a very high response for Japan at that time.
MOTION PICTURES
1. The following documentary pictures were produced and released in this period, under the aegis of CIE:
a. Who Drove the People to War? Produced by Riken, released 16 May 1946 to an estimated audience of 1,000,000. This two reel short subject documentary recounts chronologically the story of the intrigues and episodes which led the Japanese people into war.
b. Tokyo Trial Series No.1. produced by Nippon, released 16 May 1946 to an estimated audience of 1,800,000. This one-reel short subject documentary highlights the infamy later to be exposed in the war trial.
2. The following feature pictures were produced with the advice and guidance of CIE:
a. Who Is a War Criminal? Produced by Daiei Company, released 27 December 1945 to an estimated audience of 3,000,000. Story: A courageous politician opposes the war and bravely refuses to change his views despite oppression by the militarists.
b. The Comedy Has Ended, produced by Shochiku Company, released 10 January 1946 to an estimated audience of 3,500,000. Story: A satire directed at Japanese wartime bureaucracy and militaristic tyranny.
c. Life's Album, produced by Shochiku Company, released 18 January 1946 to an estimated audience of 3,00,000. Story: A satire concerning an opportunistic wartime racketeer and contrasting his postwar activities with those of his employees who are sincerely trying to rebuild Japan.
d. Dawn of the Osone Family, produced by Shochiku Company, released 21 February 1946 to an estimated audience of 4,000,000. Story: A drama concerning a peace-loving family which loses its freedom because of the rise of militarism but is liberated from tyranny on the way of surrender. This picture was selected for third prize in 1946 "Motion Picture Concours".
e. Public Enemy No.1, produced by Toho Company, released 24 April 1946 to an estimated audience of 2,000,000. Story: A drama concerning a Japanese opposed to the war and depicting the evils of the militarists and the Zaibatsu.